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yexuqing木蟲之王 (文學(xué)泰斗)
太陽系系主任
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[交流]
減少電滲牽引的電解質(zhì)可改善鋰離子電池的快速充電性能
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Electrolytes that reduce electro-osmotic drag improve fast charging of lithium-ion batteries 減少電滲牽引的電解質(zhì)可改善鋰離子電池的快速充電性能 ▲ 作者：CHANG-XIN ZHAO4, ZEYI WANG, DAVID JACOBSON, YUE LI, BORIS KHAYKOVICH, SEAN FAYFAR, LEI ZHENG, JACOB LAMANNA, XILIN CHEN , AND CHUNSHENG WANG ▲鏈接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv1739 ▲摘要： 快速充電（速率大于4C）對于電動汽車中的高能鋰離子電池至關(guān)重要，但由于對快充障礙缺乏理解，這仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)。傳統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化策略側(cè)重于通過電極結(jié)構(gòu)修飾來縮短鋰離子傳輸路徑，但這常常會犧牲能量密度。 研究者證明了厚電極的快速充電能力受限于多孔電極內(nèi)的溶劑抽離以及由此產(chǎn)生的電滲牽引極化，該效應(yīng)由陽離子誘導(dǎo)的電滲牽引驅(qū)動。為降低電滲牽引極化，他們設(shè)計了具有弱陽離子溶劑化和強(qiáng)陰離子溶劑化特性的電解質(zhì)。 其中一種二氟化溶劑能弱化鋰陽離子的溶劑化作用，而其二氟甲基氫原子則通過氫鍵增強(qiáng)陰離子的溶劑化作用。這種電解質(zhì)使得采用厚電極的高能量密度電池能夠在13分鐘內(nèi)完成80%的充電。 ▲ Abstract： Fast charging (at rates greater than 4 C) is essential for high-energy lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles yet remains challenging owing to a lack of understanding of fast-charging barriers. Conventional optimization strategies concentrate on shortening lithium-ion transport pathways through electrode structure modification, which often compromises energy densities. In this work, we demonstrate that thick-electrode fast charging is constrained by solvent withdrawal within porous electrodes and the resulting electro-osmotic drag polarization, which is driven by cation-induced electro-osmotic drag. To reduce electro-osmotic drag polarization, we designed electrolytes with weak cation solvation and strong anion solvation, where a difluorinated solvent weakens lithium-cation solvation and its difluoromethyl hydrogen atoms enhance anion solvation through hydrogen bonding. This electrolyte enables thick-electrode, energy-dense batteries to achieve 80% charge within 13 minutes. |
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